1 托福 阅读文章小结题
我想好多同学看到文章小结题，内心大概都是崩溃的。说到这个题型，好多同学跟我说：“老师，这个题型我都直接放弃”，或者“这个题不就是靠蒙吗”，还有的情况是“这个题我根本没有时间看”。大部分同学认为这是托福阅读所有十类题型里最难的一类。
托福阅读文章小结题题型难的原因
但在我看来并不一定是这样。造成同学们觉得这类题型难的原因，我归纳总结了一下，觉得有三方面原因，导致这道题被大家普遍嫌弃。一，阅读做题速度慢，最后时间不够，来不及细看这道题;二，六选三的题型设置造成了大家心理上的排斥;三，做题时过度专注于细节，对全文中心思想和框架的理解不到位。
托福阅读文章小结题小贴士
今天想针对第三点，对全文的中心思想把握方面，跟大家分享一个文章小结题的小贴士，算是一个温馨的提醒，帮助大家在做文章小结题的时候有更大的把握排出不靠谱的选项。
下面隆重介绍我的小贴士，那就是文章小结题题干中，在最后给出的一句话。这句话很多同学都会忽略过去，还有很多同学觉得这句话并没有太大用处，但有些时候，这句话可以给我们指出一条明路，快速解决整篇文章到底讲了什么的问题。
让我们以TPO33套第一篇文章的小结题来看，文章标题是The First Civilizations，最后一题给出的一句话是The practice of settled agriculture in some areas of Asia and Africa was crucial to the development of early civilizations.所以我们要选的三个正确选项，一定可以紧紧抱住这根大腿，即，以农业的实践为主角，并讲述它们如何影响早期文明。
大腿抱好之后，再让我们看一看选项，a上来就说prehistorians disagree巴拉巴拉，明显主角跑偏，不选。C说因为某些原因，不同组群的人们之间出现了不友善，看到这里大家估计都是同样的内心os：这是在逗我，说好的文明呢?火速排除。最后让我们看到f，说什么呢，说某个地方的文明跟其他地方不一样，没有大皇宫。这个选项就算我们姑且认为沾到了文明的边儿，但是农业表示不开心，缺了主角怎么可以呢?所以还是不能选。这样轻松愉快地排除了三个选项之后，剩下的bde就是我们的正确选项啦。
最后祝大家英语能力步步高，早日考出理想的分数，跟托福分手!
2托福阅读文章小结题解题技巧
小结题是托福阅读题型中的一种，要做好细节题需要在平时多做一些练习和积累。下面为大家带来托福阅读文章小结题解题技巧整理一文。
第一步就是要在最快的速度内拉出文章构架：即在做所有题之前先快速跳读一遍文章。通读文章的时候只需要读每段的首句、末句和转折句。一般抓住了首尾句和转折句就抓住了一段的主旨。如果在阅读中出现了转折，也就是说后面说的事情和之前讲的不一样，也就是说文章的意思有两层，转折句就是第二层意思的概括。
同学在进行托福阅读的时候做笔记是非常有必要的，看似在浪费时间，实则节省时间，将重点语句划分出来，在解答时会一目了然。托福阅读中的文章架构都是很清晰，一般我们看段首尾句和转折句就可以抓住文段的中心。
第二步判断选项，做文章小结题。我们要谨记选出来的选项是要能概括文章大意的，所以一些细节性的，和文章表述相矛盾的，或者是文章中未提及的选项都可以借助排除法进行选择。
很多同学在进行托福阅读中分辨不出那些是文章没提及的，那些是跟文章相违背的，其实这都是关于细节性的考察，我们之前做的题目就是积累细节的过程，因为主旨不可能只提一次，而且在不显眼的地方出现的，借助我们的笔记，总结出各段的大意，那样就能很容易判断出那些是段落主旨大意那些是细节性或者无关的信息。
3托福阅读真题练习
托福阅读真题练习：心理学领域的文本+题目+答案
托福阅读文本：
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones.
Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?"
托福阅读题目：
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A)A tool to assist in making complex decisions.
(B)A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions
(C) Research on how people make decisions
(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making
2. The word "essential" in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) introductory
(B) changeable
(C) beneficial
(D) fundamental
3. The word "pertinent" in line 9 is closest in meaning to
(A) relevant
(B) preceding
(C) insightful
(D) responsive
4. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?
(A) Listing the consequences of each solution
(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution
(C) Deciding which consequences are most important
(D) Writing down all possible solutions
5.According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that
(A) has the fewest variables to consider
(B) uses the most decision worksheets
(C) has the most points assigned to it
(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people
6. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by means of
(A) describing a process
(B) classifying types of worksheets
(C) providing historical background
(D) explaining a theory
7. The author states that "On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once
(lines 17-18) to explain that
(A) most decisions involve seven steps
(B) human mental capacity has limitations
(C) some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions
(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice
8. The word "succinct "in line 24 is closest in meaning to
(A) creative
(B) satisfactory
(C) personal
(D) concise
9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?
(A) Proponents (line 5)
(B) Optimal (line 5)
(C) Variables (line 17)
(D) Long-range goals (line 25)
10. The word "it" in line 24 refers to
(A) worksheet
(B) problem
(C) distinction
(D) decision
11. The word "revise" in line 26 is closest in meaning to
(A) ask
(B) explain
(C) change
(D) predict
托福阅读答案：
ADADCABDBB C